- Youth Population Characteristics
- Youth as Victims
- Offending by Youth
- Juvenile Justice System Structure & Process
- Law Enforcement & Juvenile Crime
- Youth in Court
- Youth on Probation
- Youth in Corrections
- Special Topic: Hispanic Youth in the Juvenile Justice system
- Special Topic: Racial and Ethnic Fairness
- Special Topic: State Juvenile Justice Profile
- Easy Access to Juvenile Populations (1990-2020)
- Easy Access to the FBI’s Supplementary Homicide Reports (1980-2020)
- Easy Access to NIBRS Victims (2016)
- Easy Access to FBI Arrest Statistics (1994-2014)
- Easy Access to Juvenile Court Statistics (1985-2019)
- Easy Access to State and County Juvenile Court Case Counts (1997-2019)
- Easy Access to the Census of Juveniles in Residential Placement (1997-2019)
- Juvenile Residential Facility Census Databook (2000-2018)
- National Racial and Ethnic Fairness Databook (2005-2020)
Description
Juveniles in Corrections
The most severe sanction that a juvenile court can impose entails the restriction of a youth's freedom through placement in a residential facility. Most often, such placement occurs after a youth has been adjudicated delinquent for an offense; however, a youth may also be held in detention after arrest or during court proceedings.
This section primarily draws on data from OJJDP’s Census of Juveniles in Residential Placement (CJRP) and Juvenile Residential Facility Census (JRFC) to document what is known about youth in residential placement and the facilities that hold them.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) provide the latest answers to the most commonly asked questions about youth in corrections. Here you can learn about the number and characteristics of youth in residential placement nationwide and in each state. You can also learn about the facilities where these youth reside.
| Category | Frequently Asked Questions |
|---|---|
| Demographics | How many youth are held in residential placement on a given day in the U.S.? [Answer] Updated |
| Demographics | What is the female proportion of juveniles in residential placement? [Answer] |
| Demographics | How do residential placement rates vary by race? [Answer] |
| Demographics | How old are most juveniles in residential placement? [Answer] |
| Demographics | Does the race/ethnicity profile of juvenile offenders in residential placement vary by offense? [Answer] |
| Demographics | Does the race/ethnicity profile of juveniles in residential placement vary by offense and gender? [Answer] |
| Demographics | Does the minority proportion of juvenile offenders in residential placement vary by State and placement status? [Answer] |
| Demographics | How do female residential placement rates vary by race/ethnicity and State? [Answer] |
| Demographics | How do male residential placement rates vary by race/ethnicity and State? [Answer] |
| Offenses | Does the offense profile of juveniles held in residential placement vary by State? [Answer] |
| Offenses | Does the race/ethnicity profile of juvenile offenders in residential placement vary by offense? [Answer] |
| Offenses | How does the type of offense resulting in placement vary by race/ethnicity? [Answer] |
| Offenses | How does the type of offense resulting in placement vary by sex? [Answer] |
| Offenses | Does the offense profile of detained juveniles in residential placement vary by State? [Answer] |
| Offenses | Does the offense profile of committed juveniles in residential placement vary by State? [Answer] |
| Time in Placement | Does time in placement vary for detained juveniles and committed juveniles? [Answer] |
| Time in Placement | Does time in placement vary by sex? [Answer] |
| Time in Placement | Does time in placement vary by race/ethnicity? [Answer] |
| Time in Placement | How long do juveniles stay in juvenile residential placement facilities? [Answer] |
| Time in Placement | Does time in placement vary by type of offense for detained offenders? [Answer] |
| Time in Placement | Does time in placement vary by type of offense for committed offenders? [Answer] |
| Facility Characteristics | Are most youth held in small facilities? [Answer] Updated |
| Facility Characteristics | Do public facilities hold more youth than private facilities? [Answer] Updated |
| Facility Characteristics | How many juvenile residential placement facilities hold female offenders? [Answer] |
| Facility Characteristics | Do residential placement facilities hold both juvenile offenders younger than age 13 with older teen offenders? [Answer] |
| Facility Characteristics | Do residential placement facilities hold both violent juvenile offenders with nonviolent offenders? [Answer] |
| Facility Characteristics | How many juvenile residential facilities operate at or above capacity? [Answer] Updated |
| Facility Practices and Services | Do private and public facilities provide onsite residential treatment? [Answer] Updated |
| Facility Practices and Services | What facility type is most likely to provide onsite residential treatment services? [Answer] Updated |
| Facility Practices and Services | Education: Are youth in residential placement evaluated for educational needs? [Answer] Updated |
| Facility Practices and Services | Education: When are youth in residential placement facilities evaluated for educational needs? [Answer] Updated |
| Facility Practices and Services | Mental Health: Are youth in residential placement evaluated for mental health needs? [Answer] Updated |
| Facility Practices and Services | Mental Health: When are youth in residential placement facilities evaluated for mental health needs? [Answer] Updated |
| Facility Practices and Services | Suicide Risk: Are youth in residential placement evaluated for suicide risk? [Answer] Updated |
| Facility Practices and Services | Suicide Risk: When are youth in residential placement facilities evaluated for suicide risk? [Answer] Updated |
| Facility Practices and Services | Substance Abuse: Are youth in residential placement evaluated for substance abuse problems? [Answer] Updated |
| Facility Practices and Services | Substance Abuse: When are youth in residential placement facilities evaluated for substance abuse problems? [Answer] Updated |
| State Comparisons | How do residential placement rates vary by State? [Answer] |
| State Comparisons | What factors influence State residential placement rates? [Answer] |
| State Comparisons | How do States vary in their use of private facilities? [Answer] |
| State Comparisons | Does the number of juvenile residential placement facilities vary by State? [Answer] Updated |
| State Comparisons | Does the offense profile of juveniles held in residential placement vary by State? [Answer] |
| State Comparisons | What is the female proportion of juveniles in residential placement? [Answer] |
| State Comparisons | How do residential placement rates vary by race? [Answer] |
| State Comparisons | How do detention rates vary by race? [Answer] |
| State Comparisons | How do commitment rates vary by race? [Answer] |
| State Comparisons | How do female residential placement rates vary by race/ethnicity and State? [Answer] |
| State Comparisons | How do male residential placement rates vary by race/ethnicity and State? [Answer] |
| Victimization in Juvenile Facilities | What proportion of youth report being sexually victimized in juvenile facilities? [Answer] |
| Victimization in Juvenile Facilities | Does the rate of sexual victimization in juvenile facilities vary by victim demographics? [Answer] |
| Victimization in Juvenile Facilities | Who are the perpetrators of youth-on-youth sexual victimization in juvenile facilities? [Answer] |
| Victimization in Juvenile Facilities | What are the incident characteristics of sexual victimization in juvenile facilities? [Answer] |
| Juveniles in Adult Jails and Prisons | How many youth age 17 or younger are held in adult jails? [Answer] Updated |
| Juveniles in Adult Jails and Prisons | How many youth age 17 or younger are held in state prisons? [Answer] Updated |
With support from OJJDP, the National Center for Juvenile Justice has developed a family of data analysis and dissemination tools that give users quick and easy access to detailed statistics on a variety of juvenile justice topics.
Two such data analysis tools provide access to data about youth in corrections:
- Easy Access to the Census of Juveniles in Residential Placement was developed to facilitate independent analysis of national data on the characteristics of youth held in residential placement facilities, including detailed information about the youth's age, sex, race/ethnicity, placement status, length of stay, and most serious offense. This data analysis tool includes a large set of pre-defined tables detailing the characteristics of youth in residential placement (age, sex, race/ethnicity, offense, type of facility, and placement status). Users can view profiles for a single jurisdiction or State Comparison tables. The CJRP data are collected biennially for OJJDP by the U.S. Census Bureau in odd-numbered years.
- Juvenile Residential Facility Census Databook was developed to facilitate independent analysis of national data on the characteristics of youth residential placement facilities, including detailed information about facility operation, classification, size, and capacity. Users can view profiles for a single jurisdiction or State Comparison tables. The JRFC data are collected biennially for OJJDP by the U.S. Census Bureau in even-numbered years.
Date Created: June 1, 2023