Appendix F -- Section 6: Strengthen and Mobilize Communities
Introduction | Section 1 | Section 2 | Section 3 | Section 4 | Section 5
Section 6 | Section 7 | Section 8 | ConclusionAnderson, E. 1990. Street Wise: Race, Class, and Change in an Urban Community. Chicago, Ill.: University of Chicago Press. NCJ 149158.
This book is based on fieldwork in two urban communities one African American and low income, the other racially mixed but middle to upper income. It assesses local street life, cultural influences on behavior, and group relationships. The author found that despite striking differences, African Americans and whites share many community attitudes, especially concerning public safety.
Calhoun, J.A. 1988. Violence, Youth, and a Way Out. Washington, D.C.: National Crime Prevention Council. NCJ 114543.
See section 2 for annotation.
Changing Perspectives: Youth As Resources. 1990. Washington, D.C.: National Crime Prevention Council. NCJ 160080.
This book describes approaches to help communities engage youth as a means to solve community problems. The program is based on delivery of positive services by youth to their peers rather than the delivery of services by adults to youth. Three cities in Indiana model the concept, and the book includes evaluation results.
Charting Success: A Workbook for Developing Crime Prevention and Other Community Service Projects. 1989. Washington, D.C.: National Crime Prevention Council. NCJ 139533.
This manual is designed to aid adolescents and adults in developing projects to reduce crime and the fear of crime; assist crime victims; and make the community a safer, better place to live, work, and attend school. Projects are formulated to encourage youth involvement.
Checkoway, B., and J. Finn. 1992. Young People as Community Builders. Ann Arbor, Mich.: Center for the Study of Youth Policy, School of Social Work, University of Michigan. NCJ 146437.
See section 5 for annotation.
Cops Helping Kids: Teaching Pre-schoolers Violence Prevention and Safety. 1994. Washington, D.C.: National Crime Prevention Council. NCJ 156936.
This workbook is to help police officers and deputy sheriffs teach violence prevention and personal safety techniques to 4- and 5-year-old children. Many activities use McGruff®, the "crime dog," and Scruff®, his nephew, to communicate important safety lessons to preschoolers.
Creating a Climate of Hope: Ten Neighborhoods Tackle the Drug Crisis. 1992. Washington, D.C.: National Crime Prevention Council. NCJ 136253.
Based on the national demonstration program Community Responses to Drug Abuse, this report details the results of a 30-month project devoted to preventing drug abuse in communities. Law enforcement, parents, schools, and businesses were among those involved in this effort.
Cronin, R.C. 1994 (May). Innovative Community Partnerships: Working Together for Change. Program Summary. Washington, D.C.: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, U.S. Department of Justice. NCJ 147483.
This is a review of innovative approaches in community policing that have opened lines of communication between law enforcement and communities. The program summary spotlights coordinated efforts between community policing and human service initiatives in troubled neighborhoods in Dade County, FL; Lansing, MI; and Norfolk, VA. The summary also highlights potential replication issues for other jurisdictions to consider in implementing cooperative, community-based efforts.
DeJong, W. 1994. Preventing Interpersonal Violence Among Youth: An Introduction to School, Community, and Mass Media Strategies. Washington, D.C.: National Institute of Justice, U.S. Department of Justice. NCJ 150484.
This report reviews current school, community, and mass media strategies for violence prevention among youth, describes promising programs now in operation, and recommends ways in which police and other criminal justice professionals can become involved.
Finding Funds and Building Support for Community Crime Prevention. 1993 (September). Washington, D.C.: National Crime Prevention Council. NCJ 160081.
This booklet helps local jurisdictions secure funding for crime prevention programs through the Edward Byrne Memorial System Improvement and Drug Control Formula Grant Program and through other Federal funding sources, including public housing anti-drug grants, drug-free schools and communities grants, community development block grants, juvenile justice delinquency prevention grants, youth gang drug prevention grants, and anti-child abuse grants.
Garbarino, J., K. Kostelny, and N. Dubrow. 1991. Chicago: The war close to home. In J. Garbarino et al. No Place To Be a Child: Growing Up in a War Zone. Lexington, Mass.: Lexington Books. NCJ 147320.
This article demonstrates that the escalating level of violence associated with drugs, gangs, and organized crime, particularly in urban areas such as Chicago, IL, is having a profound effect on poor children who live in public housing developments.
Getting Together To Fight Crime: How Working With Others Can Help You Build a Safer and Better Community. 1992. Washington, D.C.: National Crime Prevention Council. NCJ 133969.
This how-to booklet for community organization and mobilization helps neighbors rid their communities of problems with gangs, guns, drugs, and violence with the help of law enforcement and other agencies.
Given the Opportunity: How Three Communities Engaged Teens as Resources in Drug Abuse Prevention. 1992 (March). Washington, D.C.: National Crime Prevention Council. NCJ 159771.
See section 4 for annotation.
Goldstein, A.P., et al. 1989. Reducing Delinquency: Intervention in the Community. Fairfew View Park, N.Y.: Pergamon Press. NCJ 128560.
See section 5 for annotation.
Habitual Juvenile Offenders: Guidelines for Citizen Action and Public Responses. 1991. Washington, D.C.: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, U.S. Department of Justice. NCJ 141235.
This publication provides information and guidelines for action that may be used by the public to obtain public policy, legislative, and political responses to the problem of habitual juvenile offenders. It includes a sample interagency agreement and sample legislation.
Hawkins, J.D., and R.F. Catalano, Jr. 1993. Communities That Care: Risk-Focused Prevention Using the Social Development Strategy: An Approach to Reducing Adolescent Problem Behaviors. Seattle, Wash.: Developmental Research and Programs, Inc. NCJ 143996.
See section 4 for annotation.
Helping Communities Mobilize Against Crime, Drugs, and Other Problems. 1992 (December). Washington, D.C.: National Crime Prevention Council. NCJ 142041.
This booklet provides 21 lessons on community mobilization gathered from the experiences of many communities nationwide. It concludes with how to use the experiences of other communities, how to get started to mobilize a community, and how to sustain the effort and be successful.
How Communities Can Bring Up Youth Free From Fear and Violence. 1995 (July). Washington, D.C.: National Crime Prevention Council. NCJ 158378.
This book describes the extent of the violence problem, including the cost to communities; identifies key causes; presents successful strategies; and outlines how many communities have effectively worked to create safer, violence-free environments for youth. It highlights several successful programs that can serve as community models.
Howell, J.C., ed. 1995 (May). Guide for Implementing the Comprehensive Strategy for Serious, Violent, and Chronic Juvenile Offenders. Washington, D.C.: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, U.S. Department of Justice. NCJ 153681.
See introduction for annotation.
Interdepartmental Working Group on Violence. 1994. Violence: Report to the President and Domestic Policy Council. Washington, D.C. NCJ 159325.
See section 1 for annotation.
Isaacs, M.R. 1992. Violence: The Impact of Community Violence on African American Children and Families. Arlington, Va.: National Center for Education in Maternal and Child Health. NCJ 148142.
This book includes summaries of presentations at a 1991 workshop on collaborative approaches to violence prevention and intervention. Topics include a cultural perspective on African-American violence, descriptions and evaluations of anti-violence programs, programs focused on youth and families, the failure of the mental health system in treating African-American youth, and a review of research on the impact of violence on children.
Jencks, C. 1992. Rethinking Social Policy: Race, Poverty, and the Underclass. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. NCJ 160075.
See section 5 for annotation.
Johnson, C. 1990 (Winter). Youth service: Beyond noblesse oblige. School Safety. 12-14. NCJ 122435.
See section 5 for annotation.
Kaye, C.B. 1989. Community service with a smile. School Safety. 1989 (Spring): 4-7. NCJ 119224.
See section 5 for annotation.
Local and Community Strategies To Prevent Crime. 1995. Washington, D.C.: National Crime Prevention Council. NCJ 159772.
This book is a comprehensive compendium of effective strategies that have reduced crime in local communities. Organized by type of strategy, the chapters give detailed program information, including local contacts for additional information. The book is valuable for a range of crime-related problems faced by communities of all sizes.
Making Children, Families, and Communities Safer From Violence. 1995 (September). Washington, D.C.: National Crime Prevention Council. NCJ 159773.
This book for families -- adults and children -- outlines ways to make communities safer from violence, particularly gun-related violence. It provides practical information for strengthening communities, including building partnerships between residents and law enforcement, ensuring that services are available for victims of violence, finding alternatives to violence for youth, and learning about firearms and other weapons laws. It concludes with a checklist for violence prevention and a list of resources for community assistance.
Matrix of Community-Based Initiatives. 1996 (March). Washington, D.C.: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, U.S. Department of Justice. NCJ 154816.
This document presents in graph format a collection of public and private comprehensive community-based violence prevention and economic development initiatives that can assist in delinquency prevention efforts.
Merry, S.E. 1981. Urban Danger: Life in a Neighborhood of Strangers. Philadelphia, Pa.: Temple University Press. NCJ 079698.
This book presents findings from research that explored the different ways people from various ethnic backgrounds in a high-crime urban environment perceive danger.
National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. 1993. The Prevention of Youth Violence: A Framework for Community Action. Atlanta, Ga.: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NCJ 147035.
This publication identifies target groups, settings, and strategies for community-based juvenile violence prevention efforts. It offers suggestions for implementation and provides recommendations for evaluation of strategies.
National Crime Prevention Council. 1995 (December). 350 Tested Strategies To Prevent Crime: A Resource for Municipal Agencies and Community Groups. Washington, D.C.: Bureau of Justice Assistance, U.S. Department of Justice.
This resource describes 350 strategies that have been implemented by communities to prevent crime. The strategies are grouped into topic-specific sections that include community mobilization, youth, economic development, violence, and drugs. Each strategy is explained in detail, defining the problem addressed, the key components and partnerships, potential obstacles, noted successes, and methods for applying the strategy. Local contact information is provided for every strategy.
National Crime Prevention Council. 1994 (September). Working as Partners With Community Groups. BJA Community Partnerships Bulletin. Washington, D.C.: Bureau of Justice Assistance, U.S. Department of Justice. NCJ 148458.
This bulletin explores how partnerships between law enforcement and community groups can reduce crime, alleviate the fear of crime, and develop a stronger sense of community unity. It addresses approaches for working with diverse groups and overcoming obstacles to cooperation.
National Crime Prevention Council. 1994 (August). Partnerships To Prevent Youth Violence. BJA Community Partnerships Bulletin. Washington, D.C.: Bureau of Justice Assistance, U.S. Department of Justice. NCJ 148459.
This work identifies alliances that police agencies can form with existing institutions, such as schools, parent groups, neighborhood associations, and service organizations, to direct youth away from violence and crime. These affiliations provide youth with educational, recreational, and anti-crime alternatives.
National Research Council and John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University. 1994. Violence in Urban America: Mobilizing a Response. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. NCJ 148221.
This book resulted from a conference on urban violence that included mayors, Federal agency officials, and experts who analyzed the problem of violence in cities and developed recommendations for effective roles for Federal, State, and local governments as well as for families and communities in addressing local violence problems.
National Service and Public Safety: Partnerships for Safer Communities. 1994 (March). Washington, D.C.: National Crime Prevention Council. NCJ 146842.
As a result of the National and Community Service Trust Act of 1993, public safety representatives and the national service movement joined forces to prevent crime and strengthen communities. Through programs such as Learn and Serve America (for school-age youth) and AmeriCorps (a national service program), neighborhoods have experienced improvements in both physical and social aspects.
Neighborhood-Oriented Policing in Rural Communities: A Program Planning Guide. 1994 (August). Washington, D.C.: Bureau of Justice Assistance, U.S. Department of Justice. NCJ 143709.
This monograph targets citizens and law enforcement officials in rural and small-town settings. Community engagement and problemsolving are key to handling public safety concerns, including drug abuse, violence, and disorder.
Not Alone, Not Afraid: United Against Crime. 1993 (April). Washington, D.C.: National Crime Prevention Council. NCJ 144389.
This book, in English and Spanish, teaches neighborhood residents how to unite effectively against local criminal activity by improving personal safety, working with other residents, and asking for help from crime prevention and other groups. It emphasizes that crime prevention begins with individual effort.
Payton, B. 1994 (September). The Challenge: Preventing Youth Violence. Washington, D.C.: Children's Defense Fund. NCJ 156579.
This book outlines anti-violence programs in Oakland, CA; Pine Bluff, AR; and Washington, DC. The programs demonstrate that two key elements -- commitment to youth and connections to caring adults -- are essential for success. The programs are divided into the following categories: youth helping youth; support for young women; adult-youth connections; last-chance programs; and peace and healing efforts.
Planning Is a Verb. 1988. Washington, D.C.: National Crime Prevention Council. NCJ 126221.
This book examines why planning is vital and suggests some principles and techniques to make planning a dynamic process. It also provides a case study exercise and a resource guide.
A Police Guide to Surveying Citizens and Their Environment. 1993 (October). Washington, D.C.: Bureau of Justice Assistance, U.S. Department of Justice. NCJ 143711.
This monograph shows the importance of police surveys conducted in communities. Included is information on selecting a sample group, questioning respondents, interpreting results, and shaping policy through surveys.
The President's Community Enterprise Board. 1994 (January). Building Communities: Together. Guidebook: Federal Programs, and companion pieces: Guidebook: Strategic Planning and Empowerment Zones and Enterprise Communities Application Guide. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Department of Agriculture. NCJ 160082.
This list of Federal programs assisting community-based strategic planning for Empowerment Zones and Enterprise Communities provides program descriptions, activities, and agency contacts.
Preventing Violence: Program Ideas and Examples. 1992. Washington, D.C.: National Crime Prevention Council. NCJ 136251.
This book on strategies to prevent violence stresses a combination of individual action and local partnerships. It lists a variety of successful local programs that include activities on college campuses, efforts to address gun safety awareness, and anti-child abuse education.
1994 Report to Congress: Title V Incentive Grants for Local Delinquency Prevention Programs. 1995 (March). Washington, D.C.: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, U.S. Department of Justice. NCJ 154020.
This report discusses the Title V Incentive Grants Program under the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974. The report summarizes highlights of program activities and accomplishments during the first year of its implementation, OJJDP's efforts to foster interagency coordination of delinquency prevention activities, and recommendations for future Title V Program activities.
Rosenbaum, D.P., et al. 1994. Community Responses to Drug Abuse: A Program Evaluation. Washington, D.C.: National Institute of Justice, U.S. Department of Justice.NCJ 145945.
This evaluation report describes the effectiveness of grassroots organizations in 10 cities in their responses to drug-related problems. It assesses specific strategies used by these cities to reduce drug abuse and fear and to improve the quality of neighborhoods.
Snyder, H., and M. Sickmund. 1995 (August). Juvenile Offenders and Victims: A National Report. Washington, D.C.: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, U.S. Department of Justice. NCJ 153569.
See introduction for annotation.
Spergel, I., et al. 1994 (October). Gang Suppression and Intervention: Community Models. Research Summary. Washington, D.C.: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, U.S. Department of Justice. NCJ 148202.
See section 3 for annotation.
Stop the Violence: Start Something. 1991. Washington, D.C.: National Crime Prevention Council. NCJ 145595.
This booklet outlines ways to stop local violence. It includes 10 things adults can teach kids about resolving conflict nonviolently, 10 things individuals can do to avoid violent situations, and 10 things neighborhoods can do to achieve a nonviolent environment.
Taking the Offensive To Prevent Crime: How Seven Cities Did It. 1994 (April). Washington, D.C.: National Crime Prevention Council. NCJ 151532.
This book describes the partnership of seven Texas mayors who identified and attacked common crime problems. They successfully improved residents' quality of life by implementing crime prevention programs with short- and long-term goals in an 18-month T-CAP (Texas City Action Plan To Prevent Crime) campaign.
Teens, Crime, and the Community. 1994. Washington, D.C.: National Crime Prevention Council. NCJ 151709.
This kit contains a variety of reproducible materials for teen-led projects to prevent crime in communities. Materials include fact sheets, brochures, bulletins, and ideas for local projects that have been successful in the national Teens, Crime, and the Community Program created by the National Crime Prevention Council and the National Institute for Citizen Education in the Law.
Toby, J., and A. Scrupski. 1991 (Winter). Community service as alternative discipline. School Safety 1991 (Winter):12-15. NCJ 128474.
See section 5 for annotation.
Uniting Communities Through Crime Prevention. 1994. Special Focus. Washington, D.C.: National Crime Prevention Council. NCJ 151380.
This special focus report details elements of crime prevention programs, community groups that take part in such programs, and characteristics of successful programs. It includes resources for the implementation of crime prevention programs.
Wilson, W.J. 1987. The Truly Disadvantaged: The Inner City, the Underclass, and Public Policy. Chicago, Ill.: University of Chicago Press. NCJ 127579.
This book examines social change in inner-city neighborhoods, including problems of violent crime, out-of-wedlock births, female-headed families, and welfare dependency. The author concludes that race-specific policies, such as affirmative action, are inadequate to address the problems of the urban underclass. He recommends a comprehensive public policy agenda to improve inner-city quality of life.
Wilson, J.J., and J.C. Howell. 1993. A Comprehensive Strategy for Serious, Violent, and Chronic Juvenile Offenders. Program Summary. Washington, D.C.: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, U.S. Department of Justice. NCJ 143453.
See introduction for annotation.
Working Together To Stop the Violence: A Blueprint for Safer Communities. 1994 (June). Washington, D.C.: National Crime Prevention Council. NCJ 149682.
This McGruff® anti-violence kit includes a variety of materials for communities to use during local anti-crime campaigns. Resources include reproducible brochures, articles, and posters.
Contents | Foreword | Acknowledgments | Introduction | Summary
Figures | Objectives | Conclusion | Appendixes