line Endnotes

  1. See the 1995 National Youth Gang Survey Summary for a detailed explanation of the methodology used to compile the sample for the 1995 survey.

  2. A list of cities and their populations was obtained from the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. A list of agencies whose jurisdictions are considered suburban counties and rural counties was obtained from Crime in the United States, 1994: Uniform Crime Reports, Federal Bureau of Investigation, 1995, pp. 167-189.

  3. Data from the Government's Integrated Directory was provided by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census.

  4. For its own purposes, the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census sometimes divides cities and towns into segments. However, for the purposes of this survey, the entire population was used.

  5. The number of agencies surveyed was too low to make any assumptions about the level of gang activity in Alaska and Hawaii.

  6. Curry, 1998; Esbensen and Huizinga, 1993; Esbensen and Osgood, 1997; Esbensen and Winfree, in press; Fagan, 1990; and Hill et al., in press.

  7. Each respondent was limited to one choice within this range of options.


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1996 National Youth Gang Survey   July 1999